Credits
The ship, sea, sky and clouds are generated in code and drawn live with WebGPU. The one exception is the figurehead, the royal arms with its two supporters, modelled from an edited reference image with Hunyuan3D 3.1 Pro (Tencent, run on fal). No other third-party models or textures are used.
The ship
- Dimensions, masts and yards: David Steel, The Elements and Practice of Rigging and Seamanship (1794), the 100-gun column; Steel, Elements and Practice of Naval Architecture.
- Sail plan and reefing practice: Darcy Lever, The Young Sea Officer's Sheet Anchor (1808).
- Draught, colours and history: the National Museum of the Royal Navy; Peter Goodwin's research on Victory's 1805 paintwork; W. J. L. Wharton, A Short History of H.M.S. Victory (1888).
Techniques
- Sky and aerial perspective: Sébastien Hillaire, "A Scalable and Production Ready Sky and Atmosphere Rendering Technique" (2020).
- Clouds: Andrew Schneider, "The Real-time Volumetric Cloudscapes of Horizon Zero Dawn" (2015) and "Nubis" (2017); Hillaire, "Physically Based Sky, Atmosphere and Cloud Rendering in Frostbite" (2016).
- Waves: Jerry Tessendorf, "Simulating Ocean Water"; JONSWAP spectra with Donelan–Banner spreading after Christopher Horvath (2015); LEAN mapping (Olano and Baker, 2010).
- Whitecap cover: Monahan and O'Muircheartaigh (1980).
- Ship wake: Lord Kelvin's ship waves, Michell's thin-ship theory.
- Sea lighting: Bruneton, Neyret and Holzschuch, "Real-time Realistic Ocean Lighting using Seamless Transitions from Geometry to BRDF" (2010); the short waves' saturation after Elfouhaily, Chapron, Katsaros and Vandemark (1997), held to Cox and Munk's (1954) slopes.
- Spray: soft particles after Lorach (NVIDIA, 2007).
- Level of detail: a cluster DAG after Karis, "Nanite" (2021), built with meshoptimizer (Arseny Kapoulkine, MIT licence, included in
src/vendor). - Motion blur: McGuire, Hennessy, Bukowski and Osman, "A Reconstruction Filter for Plausible Motion Blur" (2012). Anti-aliasing: Karis, "High Quality Temporal Supersampling" (2014). Tone mapping: AgX (Troy Sobotka).
The shanty
- Haul Away the Frame: words written for this page, sung by Suno (v6); its film drawn by the page's own renderer and cut to the song.